Died c. 603-612; (feast day is January 14 in Glasgow.) Most of what we
know about Saint Kentigern mixes fact and fiction, because the only
sources date from the 11th and 12th centuries. Many of the traditional
elements predate the written documents.
Kentigern is said to have been a native of Lothian, the son of Saint
Thenaw (Thaney, Thenog, Theneva), a British princess, and the grandson
of, perhaps, Prince Urien. When it was learned that she was pregnant by
an unknown man, she was hurled from a cliff (in a cart at times) and,
when discovered alive at the foot of the cliff, set adrift in a boat (or
barrel) on the Firth of Forth. She reached Culross, was sheltered by
Saint Serf, and gave birth to a child to whom Serf gave the name Mungo
(meaning, little darling). The legend continues that Kentigern was
raised by the saint, became a hermit at Glasghu (Glasgow) and was so
renowned for his holiness that he was consecrated bishop of Strathclyde
about 540 by an Irish bishop. There is reason to believe that he
actually began his missionary efforts at Cathures on the Clyde, thus
founding the church at Glasgow, and continued his missionary activities
in Cumbria generally. He was, indeed, the first bishop of Strathclyde.
During his bishopric, he revived the cultus of Saint Ninian and restored
his church in Glasgow. His mother gave her name to Saint Enoch's Square
and Railway Station in that city.
It is further related that political disorder drove him into exile in
Carlisle and then into Wales, where he is said to have stayed with Saint
David at Menevia. Reputedly he also founded the monastery of Llanelwy,
being succeeded as abbot there by Saint Asaph when he was recalled to
the north by the Christian King Rederech around 553; but the evidence
for these particulars is altogether insufficient. In the north again he
lived at Hoddam (Dumfries) and Glasgow, where the saint died while
taking a bath. He was buried in Glasgow cathedral.
Mungo (Munghu) is a Celtic nickname commonly used for Kentigern; it is
usually explained as meaning 'darling' or 'most dear.' Montague states
that Kentigern was probably Irish because
his nickname Mungo is
compounded with the prefix 'Mo,' a purely Irish custom.
The ring and fish displayed on the heraldic arms of the city of Glasgow
refer to a tradition about Saint Kentigern, in which he miraculously
saves an unfaithful wife from the anger of her royal husband. The queen
had given her husband's ring to her lover. The king discovered it, threw
it into the sea and told his wife she must find it again in three days.
Kentigern told her not to worry: One of his monks had extracted the ring
from a salmon he caught. The Saint's kindness is commemorated on the
arms of the city of Glasgow.
There are several Scottish and nine English, mainly Cumbrian,
dedications to the saint under his nickname, Mungo. Although it is
unlikely that Kentigern founded the 1,000-monk monastery in northern
Wales, the story may be true that he traded pastoral staffs with Saint
Columba near the end of Columba's life
(
Attwater,
Benedictines,
Delaney,
Encyclopaedia,
Farmer,
Montague).
In art Saint Kentigern is represented as an enthroned bishop with a monk
at his feet presenting a salmon with a ring in its mouth; a queen with a
ring and a king with a sword are near him. At times he may be portrayed
meeting Saint Columba with a column of fire above him; or holding a
mulberry leaf
(
Roeder).
Saint Kentigern is venerated at Carlisle and Saint Asaph. Together with
his mother, Kentigern is the patron of Glasgow.
1) The Life of Kentigern by
Jocelyn, a monk of Furness
Twelfth century
http://www.gypsyfire.com/Translation.htm
2) Saint Kentigern, Apostle to Strathclyde
A Masters Thesis by
Cynthia Whiddon Green
December, 1998
[caveat lector]
http://www.gypsyfire.com/Thesis.htm
Church of Saint Kentigern
http://www.cushnieent.force9.co.uk/photogallery1.html